Making Friends with the Jews in The Boy with the Red...

In the book â€Å"The Boy In The Striped Pajamas† the main character is a 8 year old named bruno. He’s a young boy who has no idea what is going on around him. His father is playing a high roll in the Nazis. To me Bruno is stupid and blind. then i think hes only 8, he wouldnt know any better but in the book he finds out the truth in his like last 30 minutes of his life. He was being brainwashed he was a naive 8 year old. you wanna believe your father is your super hero, even though Bruno’s father thought he was doing right he was 100% wrong. Bruno was blind to what his father has been doing to poor men, women, children, and even babies. Killing people just because of their race. It was never right , Bruno was only 8 though so of course he want†¦show more content†¦Bruno was devastated about leaving his friends at first. Then later on in the book he began to forget the names of his friends. Bruno had his new friend Shmuel so he began to forget the old. So it became easier to deal with. He never really understood the point of the help wearing striped pajamas because maria never wore striped pajamas so it didnt make sense. Bruno becoming friends with shmuel and going under the fence would be a consequence of choice. If his father never brought his family to the out-with house with him Bruno will still be alive. It could just be a guess but Bruno’s mother may not want to be with someone who â€Å"cause† her child’s death cause if he never brought them there she’d still have her son. The father began to see that the place wasnt a place for children but he realised that a little too late. He meant well by wanting to stay around his children. He just shouldn’t have ever brought children where people die everyday. Having his daughter believe that what he’s doing is 100% right. It didn’t seem like they felt any remorse to killing innocent babies and children. Throwing babies into fires it ma kes no sense. â€Å"‘You’re my â€Å"bestfriend, Smuel,’ he said. ‘My best friend for life’† this was my favorite line because i found it adorable and Bruno know what friendship is better than half of my â€Å"friends†. 2. â€Å"Maria, dont you hate it here as well?† i like thatShow MoreRelatedMaking Friends with the Jews in The Boy with the Red Pajamas Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesCharacters in The Boy In The Striped Pajamas Shmuel I liked that Shmuel was a happy kid when he met Bruno and he didnt let the fact that he was a Jew bothered him. Even when Bruno said he wasnt his friend, Shmuel had still forgiven him. I feel bad for Shmuel because a young sweet kid like him shouldnt be in the position he is presently in. Elsa I disliked how Elsa was just fine with the fact that her kids lived next to a concentration camp. I also disliked the fact that she did notRead MoreThe Movie The Boy s The Striped Pajama 1886 Words   |  8 PagesWe are human and we make mistakes, but learning from them is what gets to the deviation. The film â€Å" The Boy in the Striped Pajama† by Mark Herman (2008) is a big example of this ideology. The purpose of this film is to convey that every idea (in this case - the idea of a superior race) inevitably comes out of those limits that people adjust for its implementation, and with time instead of good brings them disappointment and even sorrow. It is very hard to describe the contents of the film inRead MoreThe Boy in Striped Pyjamas - Research2337 Words   |  10 PagesThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is a 2006 novel from the point of view of a naive young boy, written by Irish novelist John Boyne. Unlike the months of planning Boyne devoted to his other books, he said that he wrote the entire first draft of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in two and a half days, barely sleeping until he got to the end. [1] To date, the novel has sold more than 5 million copies around the world, and was published as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas inRead MoreThe Holocaust and Genocide Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pagesactivated against the Jews created a new word, genocide. â€Å"Genocide refers to the widespread murder and other acts committed by governments or other groups with the intent to destroy - in whole or in part- a national, racial, religious or ethnic group† (Choices Program 1). This definition was placed by international governments, but the word was developed by a single man in response to the Holocaust. Grappling for a way to express the magnitude of the actions against the Jews during World War IIRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pageswho conjures up a vision of existence as terrible as it is real, who takes us on shattering voyages into the depths of the spiritual isolation that underlies the human condition. A grotesque human triangle in a primitive Southern town. . . A young boy learning the difficult lessons of manhood. . . A fateful encounter with his native land and former love. . . These are parts of the world of Carson McCullers -- a world of the lost, the injured, the eternal strangers at life s feast. Here are brilliant

Is Capital Punishment Right or Wrong - 870 Words

Is Capital Punishment Right or Wrong? One might say capital punishment is morally wrong and inhumane; I strongly disagree with this statement. The crimes committed by prisoners such as multiple aggravated murders, serial rapists, and brutal child molestations is malicious and cold-hearted. These actions deserve like punishments in return. People who do those things have no purpose of being part of mainstream society. Bringing justice and closure to the victim’s family, deterrence of crime, and prison population reduction are reasons why capital punishment is necessary. Death penalty opponents will argue capital punishment is a form of revenge. This is no where near the truth. Fredrick Romano said in a case where Steven Oken†¦show more content†¦In rebuttal, opposition would say the amount crimes decreases is not at all significant. This could not be farther from the truth. Numerous studies have shown that â€Å"between three to eighteen lives would be saved by execution of each convicted killer† (Tanner). Saving those that many lives is worth the execution of one, no doubt about it. Putting the innocent people at risk is a high price to pay for protecting a criminal from punishment they deserve. These pieces of evidence back up the fact that the death penalty ultimately provides better public safety. As well as holding offenders responsible for the crimes they committed, and not by any other judgement. Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed the idea in which we â€Å"judge not by the color of skin, but by the content of their character†. Capital punishment is an effective way to tell possible lawbreakers these crimes will not be tolerated and will be punished to the harshest extent. The prison crowding in the states is off the roof; California has a total of 150,000 currently incarcerated. This is causing an major effect on the prison health care systems, the prisoners, and the policemen on duty. The conditions were so ba d they actually deemed them unconstitutional and also stated they â€Å"caused one unnecessary death a week† (Montopoli,Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment: Is It Right or Wrong?883 Words   |  4 PagesAt first thought it may seem that capital punishment is the right thing to do. But what most people don’t realize is that it is injustice and wrong. Capital punishment has been around since the middle ages and is used today to kill people who commit crimes it varies from state to state but one of the main crimes to receive the death penalty is murder. Also the U.S.A. has used capital punishment from it’s beginning it started with hanging and it’s changed over the years there have been many differentRead MoreCapital Punishment: Right or Wrong? Essay1837 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment: Right or Wrong? All punishment is based on the same simple truth: there must be a penalty for wrongdoing. In order for there to be punishment, there must be both a wrongdoer and an authority to inflict the penalty. In a family, when you break a rule, the punishment is handed out by the parents. In society, punishment for crime is carried out by a criminal justice system (police, courts, and prisons). In both systems, one solid rule of thumb can be derived: if youRead MoreCapital Punishment1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been around for many centuries and will probably be around for many to come. Although some citizens feel capital punishment is ethically wrong, it is necessary in today s society for various reasons. Society must be kept safe from the barbaric acts of murders and rapist, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. Most criminals don t take into account the results of their actions. If a person intending to commit a crime, sees another criminal put toRead MoreCapital Punishment and its Controversies 1434 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds areRead More Capital Punishment Essay - Justice in Retribution1470 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: Justice in Retribution       The American government operates in the fashion of an indirect democracy. Citizens live under a social contract whereby individuals agree to forfeit certain rights for the good of the whole. Punishments for crimes against the state are carried out via due process, guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. The use of capital punishment is decided by the state, which is legal in thirty-seven states. It is a moral imperative to protect the states rightsRead MoreThe Issue Of Capital Punishment Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesIssues with Capital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as death penalty is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been implemented by many states and used for barbaric crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity and violent crimes. There are mixed reactions on capital punishment depending on one’s faith. In my view, I am not in favor of capital punishment as I stronglyRead MoreAnalyzing Capital Punishment817 Words   |  3 PagesCAPITAL PUNISHMENT In this paper I’m going to talk about Capital Punishment and the numerous ideas, thoughts, views and opinions people have about it and how they feel about this type of punishment. There are people who see capital punishment as morally wrong and committing a murder or on the side of the spectrum people see it as the right thing to do and believe that the individual receiving the punishment deserves it. I will also talk about how capital punishment can be used as a deterrent andRead MoreAristotle Mill on Capital Punishment1322 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle amp; Mill’s Opinion on Capital Punishment Brianna Lelli Hugh Miller Paper #2 Topic #4 October 17th 2011 Capital Punishment is a moral controversy in today’s society. It is the judicial execution of criminals judged guilty of capital offenses by the state, or in other words, the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws can date back to the Eighteenth Century B.C. and the ethical debates towards this issue have existed just as long. There is a constantRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Form Of Legal Punishment Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment implies that the criminal is sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes. Prima facie, it appears to be the most just punishment and solution to crimes that demand such severity of punishment in proportion to the offense. However, the reason why it is a moot point and a debatable issue is because ethicists see both sides of the story and there are numerous ethical issues involved with institutionalizing capital punishment. To understand the debate on capital punishmentRead MoreTwo Wrongs Dont Make a Right? Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesTwo Wrongs Dont Make a Right? David Todd Eng. 102 Arnett Essay #5 The question of whether capital punishment is right or wrong is a truly tough choice to make. Capital punishment (death penalty) is legal because the government of the United States of America says that it is all right to execute another human being if their crimes are not punishable by other means. There are many different forms of capital punishment. Some of the most popular ones have been hanging, firing

Puerto Ricans And The Spanish Language - 1546 Words

â€Å"... heavy English ‘accents’ in Spanish are perfectly acceptable for Whites, even when Spanish speakers experience them as ‘like a fingernail on the blackboard’†. Reading this sentence draws heavy attention to the degree by which White privilege is tolerated in the Spanish speaking community. Spanish speakers face discrimination every day in many aspects of their lives, including job interviews, parent-teacher conferences, public speeches, and even ordering food at a restaurant. The list goes on with the different scenarios in which Spanish speakers do not feel safe or welcomed because of how they speak the English language; however, White people who do not speak perfect Spanish are excused without being reprimanded. Although this extends†¦show more content†¦Other Spanish speaking communities more than double the percent of Puerto Ricans who speak Spanish at home. Is this simply Puerto Rican culture to speak less Spanish? Is there simpl y a preference to speak English more while in the states? The answer to those questions is simply a hard no. This is not the result of assimilation, most Puerto Ricans do not willing decide to rid themselves Spanish unless faced with brutal shame and discrimination. As a product of this phenomenon myself and using my life as field notes, this erasure happens quickly. Within three generations, my family has gone from only Spanish speakers (the first generation, born in Puerto Rico), to bilingual speakers (the second generation, born in Puerto Rico), to only English speakers (the first generation, born in the states). Instead of dealing with the struggle of finding a job or being made fun of for an accent, many Puerto Ricans have decided that the best way to give their children the best opportunity in America is to not teach them Spanish. Although this is a seemingly harmless way to stop the mistreatment of Puerto Ricans by others who police â€Å"perfect English†, the later re sult of this erasure ends up being detrimental to the Spanish speaking community as a whole. The policing of English by White people has turned into the policing of Spanish by Spanish speakers. Except, this flip of the script hasShow MoreRelatedIm Proud To Be Puerto Rican Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesAre you Puerto Rican or American? Hesitantly, I dont know what to say when people ask me this question because I feel that I have to choose between the two ethnicities. Since I was born in the U.S., I am considered American. But, if I say I am American, I am asked about my origins. Thus, controversy evolves around inhabitants of Puerto Rico because they are considered Americans since Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States. My skin is white, my eyes are brown, and my hair is dark brownRead More The Language Barrier Standing in the Way of Puerto Rican Immigrants664 Words   |  3 PagesThe Language Barrier Standing in the Way of Puerto Rican Immigrants The United States of America is regarded to many foreigners as the land of opportunity. To many Puerto Ricans that still live on the island they view the mainland as just that. While other Puerto Ricans cant wait to return to their homeland. Many Puerto Ricans came to the United States because they believed they would not only find better jobs but a better education than on the island. Puerto Ricans first startedRead MoreHispanic American Diversity1211 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all Hispanics are alike. They have the same cultural backgrounds and speak the same language. This could not be further from the truth. In actuality there is great diversity among different Latin ethnic groups. Hispanic Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Columbians all have different cultural and historic back grounds that identify them as separate ethnic groups. Hispanic Americans are Americans of Spanish-speaking descent. Many Hispanic Americans are the descendants of Mexican people who livedRead MoreThe Beaufy of Puerto Rico Essay763 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Puerto Rico and its importance to the spanish language. It is located in the Caribbean sea, southeast of Florida. It is home to many US citizens in its beautiful tropic landscape. In this paper I will explain the important aspects of the Puerto Rican government, the people, and the lovely food. GOVERNMENT The capital of Puerto Rico is San Juan. Puerto Rico is a United States Territory under commonwealth status. Some of the major differences between the 50 states of the US and Puerto RicoRead MoreDiabetics1133 Words   |  5 PagesElosegui 1 Jonathan Elosegui Paola Brown English 102 10 March 2008 Puerto Rico walks away from commonwealth. I will not pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands. This must be the words of thousands of Puerto Ricans living in the island today wishing that their small island would once and for all become free from the colonization of the United States. Puerto Rico has been living under U.S. domination for the past 92 years and it’s consideredRead MoreEssay on Everyday Life in Puerto Rico933 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday Life in Puerto Rico The commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico), known to most Americans as simply Puerto Rico, exists as one of two territories owned by the United States1. Being a territory of the United States, Puerto Ricans possess common citizenship, currency, and defense. However, even though Puerto Ricans are United States citizens they do not pay any kind of federal income taxes. Therefore, they cannot vote in presidential elections. Puerto Rico is underRead MoreHispanic Groups in USA Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and El Salvadorians. Each group has a rich cultural identity but has been placed in the same category, Hispanic Americans, on the basis of language. All these groups share the Spanish language, though each has a different dialect and some words spelled and pronounced the same have different meanings. For example, sopa means soup in some countries, but in others it means soap. Mexican Americans language is made up of a mix of their national language SpanishRead MorePuerto Rico : A Land Of Paradise1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a land of paradise in the Caribbean island 1,000 miles away from Miami. Puerto Rico is currently a possession of the United States. Puerto Rico is a tropical mountainous island. Because of the tropical environment there is little to no difference among seasons. Being near the equator Puerto Rico received throughout the year high energy from the sun. This tropical climate makes Puerto Rico a first choice in tourism and because of it Spanish influence it makesRead MorePuerto Rico And The United States1557 Words   |  7 PagesPuerto Rico, whose word meaning is â€Å"rich port† in Spanish, is a beautiful Island located in the middle of the Caribbean. Its strategic location made it a must have territory to the Spaniards who colonized it over four hundred years before the United States took a special interest. It all started in the year 1898, with the Treaty of Paris Puerto Rico now is property of the United States. After centuries of being led by Sevilla and Madrid, Puerto Rico was now forced to look upon Washington. The seriesRead MoreEssay on Puerto Rico Independence?1518 Words   |  7 Pages To argue on Puerto Rican Independence, Commonwealth, or Statehood, we must first learn of the history of Puerto Rico. Growing up I was very ignorant about Puerto Rico. It wasn’t till I was in the Navy and got stationed in Puerto Rico did I really find out the small Caribbean island. Although Puerto Rico has an extensive history, I will only give a brief synopsis of it: In November 1493 Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Puerto Rico for the country of Spain. It remained a colonization

The Human Brain Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Human Brain Essay, Research Paper The Human Brain Through the usage of molecular biological science it is thought that the Hominidae household foremost appeared about 5 million old ages ago. Based on this clip frame it is believed that an African Hominoid line of descent was present shortly before that clip, about 10 myp, which contained the common ascendant to both the Pan troglodytes and homo. The split into proto-chimpanzee and proto-human occurred during the last million old ages of the Miocene era. ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg. 61 ) . The dodos, particularly those of the skull, from this clip frame are limited. This leads to difficulty in turn outing differences in encephalon formation. Dodos of the hominoid braincase are non available until 2 million old ages after the proto-human line of descent begins. The deficiency of cranial dodos for 2 million old ages is a job. We do non cognize what took topographic point during this clip. The first available cranial dodos are those of A. afarensis. The average endo cranial capacity was 413.5 cm3, which means that its encephalon size was that of today? s African great apes ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg. 65, table 4.1 ) . With the limited dodos available and the evident encephalon size of today? s African great apes there is no cogent evidence of important differences in encephalon functionality. One survey done by Ralph Holloway on the endocaste of the Hadar AL 162-68 skull fragment lead to a different theory sing important differences in encephalon functionality. Hadar? concluded that the lunate sulcus would hold had to be, harmonizing to the place of the interparietal sulcus, in a more posterior place than in Pan encephalons? . This means that A. afarensis? had an enlargement of the parietal association cerebral mantle and accordingly a encephalon reorganisation ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg.106 ) ? . Brain reorganisation implies that A. afarensis had a important difference in encephalon functionality. The cranial capacity of A. africanus has a mean of 440 cm3, A. robustus a average capacity of 530 cm3 and A. boisei a average capacity of 463.3 ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg.65, table 4.1 ) . When the limited sample size is taken into history, is at that place a important difference? ? The modern human inter-racial mean is of the order of 1350 cm3, which is 3.52 times that of the Pan troglodytes, 2.68 times that of the gorilla value, and 3.33 times the orang-utan value, the comparative inter-hominoid index values for Australopithecus species are seen to hold barely increased at all ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg. 67 ) . ? If we compare the modern Pan troglodytes, as modern homo? s closest life ascendant, to the australopithecines we find that they? show a little but definite progress over the Pan troglodytes in both absolute and comparative encephalon size ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg. 67 ) ? . With the progress of Homo habilis, 2.3 to 1.6 myp, we see important progresss in the encephalon. The average capacity of H. habilis is 640 cm3. This is a 45 % addition over A. africanus. The typically hypertrophied encephalon size of modern adult male, that is the ratio of encephalon to personify mass that is a trademark off the human species is present in H. habilis ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg. 74 75 ) . H. habilis indicates an expansion of the cerebral hemisphere and? noticeable feelings of the superamarginal and angular convolution? are present for the first clip in the hominid line of descent ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg.76 ) ? . This ensures that two of the three basic neurological demands for linguistic communication are present. The 3rd demand, the superior address cerebral mantle, is in the superomedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. This can non be detected on an endocast ( Changeux and Chavaillon pg.76 ) . H. habilis may hold been the first to hold linguistic communication capablenesss. Using encephalon mass or cranial capacity as a step of encephalon development is non universally accepted. Holloway states that it is non a utile step merely a statistic for gauging parametric quantities ( Jerison pg.388 ) . Analyzing endocasts as if they are a encephalon and extracting and using this information to possible encephalon development is besides debated. It is debated that? endocasts and encephalons do non match absolutely in any animate being and correspond instead ill to one another in all respects except size in most large-brained mammals, including adult male ( Jerison pg.388 ) ? . Another ailment about the usage of encephalon mass as a step is correlating mass with map. The thought being that you can non do decisions about the construction and map of the encephalon by weighing it. Though we have come along manner in understanding the construction of the encephalon and its maps we still by no agencies have a perfect apprehension of this complex organ. Using endocasts, peculiarly fragments of endocasts, to derive information on the construction and map of the encephalon is a hazardous proposition. But until we find more complete specimens or a more dependable step, it is the lone measuring we have. Science is guess and is non perfect. The truth of scientific discipline is ever altering. We change or modify our theories or truths when new information becomes available. Mass implies more room for development a more complex thought construction. These may be false deductions or premises but until new information becomes available it is all we have. Jerison, H. J. , Evolution of the encephalon and intelligence, Academic Press, 1973. Beginnings of the human encephalon, edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1996. Series Title: Symposium of the Fyssen Foundation Plants Cited A Symposium of the Fyssen Foundation. Origins of the Human Brain. Edited by Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1996 Jerison, H. J. Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Academic Press, London 1973.

Sapphos vs. Petrarch on the Body free essay sample

Humans are wired for sex. Physical interaction is possibly the most intuitive emotion we have as a species. Sex and body image are absurdly prominent in today’s culture, and have been since the beginning of written history. Sexuality is only a surface desire though. What lies beneath the surface is where a person’s true beauty rests. The poets Sappho and Petrarch are two very early writers that often focused on the human body, sexuality, and desire but in different ways. Sappho’s body of work is a reaction and praise to the exterior beauty of many individuals. Petrarch’s sonnets are a repeated effort to unearth the root of divine beauty. Sappho’s poems were more direct and in a relatable way. The way the Greek poet discussed was with words of physical feelings and reactions to emotions. She compared an individual named Anactoria that she desired to the famoud Helen of Troy, whose beauty has been expressed throughout literature for a long, long time. We will write a custom essay sample on Sapphos vs. Petrarch on the Body or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"†¦although far away, / whose long-desired footstep, whose radiant, sparkling face / I would rather see before me than the chariots / of Lydia or the armour of men / who fight wars on foot† (Sappho 21). In this passage the Greek poet is longing for Anactoria, whom she once knew. In reminiscing about her Sappho recalls the way she walked, how her skin reacted to the light, and how she feels peaceful when she is around. Sappho is suggesting that one’s beauty is partly contained in their body but also partly related to how that body is used. The essence that the woman in her poem 21 exhibits is her true beauty. In one of her poems her feelings for a recently married friend read, â€Å"†¦and sweat pours down me and a trembling creeps over my whole body†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sappho 20). In most of, but especially this poem in particular, Sappho is expressing her bestial, sexual urges. She is not always so lascivious. Often, the poet writes about more tragic subjects. In her poem 33 she describes her â€Å"tender heart† as â€Å"heavy with grief†(Sappho 33). Sappho is suggesting that the absence of one of her ex-lovers is physically weighing her down. She is playing with that feeling of tension in the chest that people tend to have in matters of deep-seated emotions. It is common to read Sappho and notice emphasis on the body in her descriptions of both grief and bliss. Later in her life, Sappho uses the same analogy of her heart to describe herself as an old woman, â€Å"My heart’s grown heavy, my knees will not support me, that once on a time were fleet for the dance as fawns. † It seems that her heart never grew lighter from her younger years, or even grew into a more intense pain. Having access to so many of her works allows scholars to observe a development in the character Sappho. Her subject matter turns from delight in others, slowly to dismay in their absence. What does not seem to change much is her approach of the subject matter. She still materializes her emotions in the form of the physical body in her later poems. Petrarch deals with his bodily desires in a different manner. His most famous series of poems are more or less descriptions of a woman Petrarch had much love for and how she made him feel. This collection is known as the ‘Canzoniere’. Petrarch’s sonnets focus more on the emotional side of his desires, while still using his body as a reference for the reader. In a selection from one of his sonnets, Petrarch writes, â€Å"Love found me all disarmed and found the way / was clear to reach my heart down through the eyes / which have become the halls and doors of tears† (Petrarch 3, 9-11). Once again, the heart is used as a catalyst to connect with the reader by communicating the desire the speaker has for this woman’s form. Her beauty is so amazing that Petrarch is subdued and begins to cry. Her image shocks him to the point his body too is affected by it. In another passage, â€Å"The way she walked was not the way of mortals but of angelic forms, and when she spoke more than an earthly voice was that it sang† (Petrarch 90, 9-11). Petrarch puts the woman into a sacred light, comparing her to an immortal. Petrarch’s generous praise of this woman, though unrealistic, is an attempt to explain to the reader the divinity of his beloved Laura’s unparalleled beauty. This woman is supposedly the epitome of beauty, or so Petrarch thinks, but what the numerous sonnets written about her are attempt to reveal is that beneath the beauty is only more beauty. Beauty on a level that cannot simply be written into words. Petrarch is suggesting that contrary to the popular belief at the time, a woman or any person’s value does not lie in their physical beauty but the beauty of their essence and the purity of their soul. He was truly and deeply in love with this Laura woman and has made history in doing so. â€Å"Under the lovely peace of her tranquil brows / those two faithful stars of mine so sparkle, / that no other light can inflame and guide / him who consigns himself to love noblyâ€Å" (Petrarch 160 5-8). In this verse, Petrarch begins to talk about the peace he sees in Laura’s eyes, but then refers to those eyes as his own. Is he claiming ownership, or is he suggesting he sees himself? It seems that he is trying to say that following the look of calm he sees in her eyes, and reciprocating that patience, he will eventually be led to a form of pure love. Both writers were making an attempt to get directly to the purest form of their personal infatuations in terms of describing their beauty on paper. Petrarch by poeticizing and connecting with Laura’s spiritual and emotional purity while striving to avoid the hang-ups of physical distraction, and Sappho by referring to both her sexual and emotional urges towards her lovers, describing them from the obvious exterior, down to the movement of hips whilst walking. The difference is that what Sappho writes is a result of her pure emotions for these other women, while Petrarch is striving to get to the roots of the emotion. He is trying to describe the divine spirit and essence of this lovely woman. Some would say this is disturbing behavior, while others see it as an eloquently written offering. He reaches to the core, where human desire draws from. He took what Sappho wrote to the next level. She was writing about how she felt in response to the core of feeling Petrarch tried to uncover. Her words often described her weariness and pain as a means to relate to her readers so they too could share in her agony. Other times what she would say connected to anther emotion most people are aware of. Passages describing sexual convulsions could be related to be readers who have felt the same. These two early writers either ends of the same problem. Petrarch, trying to find the source of human passion and Sappho describing how that same source of passion excited her, or got the best of her. Either way, these prominent historical figures were using the body as a way to relate feeling and emotion to the reader.

Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf in World War II

Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf in World War II Jesse Oldendorf - Early Life Career: Born February 16, 1887, Jesse B. Oldendorf spent his early childhood in Riverside, CA.   After receiving his primary education, he sought to pursue a naval career and succeeded in obtaining an appointment to the US Naval Academy in 1905.   A middling student while at Annapolis, Oley as he was nicknamed, graduated four years later ranked 141st in a class of 174.   As the policy of the time required, Oldendorf commenced two years of sea time prior to receiving his ensigns commission in 1911.   Early assignments included postings to the armored cruiser USS California (ACR-6) and the destroyer USS Preble.   In the years prior to the United States entrance into World War I, he also served aboard USS Denver, USS Whipple, and later returned to California which had been renamed USS San Diego.    Jesse Oldendorf - World War I: Completing an assignment aboard the hydrological survey ship USS Hannibal near the Panama Canal, Oldendorf returned north and later prepared for duty in the North Atlantic following the American declaration of war.   Initially conducting recruiting activities in Philadelphia, he then was assigned to lead a naval armed guard detachment aboard the transport USAT Saratoga.   That summer, after Saratoga was damaged in a collision off New York, Oldendorf transferred to the transport USS Abraham Lincoln where he served as gunnery officer.   He remained aboard until May 31, 1918 when the ship was hit by three torpedoes fired by U-90.   Sinking off the Irish coast, those aboard were rescued and taken to France.   Recovering from the ordeal, Oldendorf was posted to USS Seattle that August as an engineering officer.   He continued in this role until March 1919. Jesse Oldendorf - Interwar Years: Briefly serving as executive officer of USS Patricia that summer, Oldendorf then came ashore and moved through recruiting and engineering assignments in Pittsburgh and Baltimore respectively.   Returning to sea in 1920, he did a short stint aboard USS Niagara before transferring to the light cruiser USS Birmingham.   While aboard, he served as flag secretary to a series of commanding officers of the Special Service Squadron.   In 1922, Oldendorf moved to California to serve as aide to Rear Admiral Josiah McKean, the commandant at Mare Island Navy Yard.   Completing this duty in 1925, he assumed command of the destroyer USS Decatur.   Aboard for two years, Oldendorf then spent 1927-1928 as an aide to the commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Having attained the rank of commander, Oldendorf received an appointment to the Naval War College in Newport, RI in 1928.   Completing the course a year later, he immediately began studies at the US Army War College.   Graduating in 1930, Oldendorf joined USS New York (BB-34) to serve as the battleships navigator.   Aboard for two years, he then returned to Annapolis for an assignment teaching navigation.   In 1935, Oldendorf moved to the West Coast to serve as executive officer of the battleship USS West Virginia (BB-48).   Continuing a pattern of two-year postings, he moved to the Bureau of Navigation in 1937 to oversee recruiting duties before assuming command of the heavy cruiser USS Houston in 1939. Jesse Oldendorf - World War II: Posted to the Naval War College as a navigation instructor in September 1941, Oldendorf was in this assignment when the United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.   Leaving Newport in February 1942, he received a promotion to rear admiral the following month and an assignment to lead the Aruba-Curaà §ao sector of the Caribbean Sea Frontier.   Helping to protect Allied commerce, Oldendorf moved to Trinidad in August where he took an active role in anti-submarine warfare.   Continuing to fight the Battle of the Atlantic, he shifted north in May 1943 to lead Task Force 24.   Based at Naval Station Argentia in Newfoundland, Oldendorf oversaw all convoy escorts in the Western Atlantic.   Remaining in this post until December, he then received orders for the Pacific. Hoisting his flag aboard the heavy cruiser USS Louisville, Oldendorf assumed command of Cruiser Division 4.   Tasked with providing naval gunfire support for Admiral Chester Nimitzs island-hopping campaign across the Central Pacific, his ships went into action in late January as Allied forces landed at Kwajalein.   After aiding in the capture of Eniwetok in February, Oldendorfs cruisers struck targets in the Palaus before conducting bombardment missions to aid troops ashore during the Marianas Campaign that summer.   Transferring his flag to the battleship USS Pennsylvania (BB-38), he directed the pre-invasion bombardment of Peleliu that September.   In the course of operations, Oldendorf courted controversy when he ended the attack a day early and omitted shelling an obvious Japanese strong point.    Jesse Oldendorf - Surigao Strait: The following month, Oldendorf led the Bombardment and Fire Support Group, part of Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaids Central Philippine Attack Force, against Leyte in the Philippines. Reaching its fire support station on October 18 and his battleships began covering General Douglas MacArthurs troops as they went ashore two days later. With the Battle of Leyte Gulf underway, Oldendorfs battleships moved south on October 24 and blocked the mouth of the Surigao Strait.   Arraying his ships in a line across the strait, he was attacked that night by Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimuras Southern Force.   Having crossed the enemys T, Oldendorfs battleships, many of which were Pearl Harbor veterans, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Japanese and sunk the battleships Yamashiro and Fuso.   In recognition of the victory and the preventing the enemy from reaching the Leyte beachhead, Oldendorf received the Navy Cross. Jesse Oldendorf - Final Campaigns: Promoted to vice admiral on December 1, Oldendorf assumed command of Battleship Squadron 1.   In this new role he commanded the fire support forces during the landings at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon in January 1945.   Two months later, Oldendorf was put out of action with a broken collar bone after his barge hit a buoy at Ulithi.   Temporarily replaced by  Rear Admiral Morton Deyo, he returned to his post in early May.   Operating off Okinawa, Oldendorf was again injured on August 12 when Pennsylvania was hit by a Japanese torpedo.   Remaining in command, he transferred his flag to USS Tennessee (BB-43).   With the Japanese surrender on September 2, Oldendorf traveled to Japan where he directed the occupation of Wakayama.   Returning to the United States in November, he assumed command of the 11th Naval District in San Diego. Oldendorf remained in San Diego until 1947 when he moved to the post of Commander, Western Sea Frontier.   Based in San Francisco, he held this position until his retirement in September 1948.   Promoted to admiral as he left the service, Oldendorf later died on April 27, 1974.   His remains were interred at Arlington National Cemetery.     Ã‚        Ã‚   Selected Sources World War II Database: Jesse OldendorfU-boat: Jesse OldendorfFind A Grave: Jesse Oldendorf

Mary Somerville, Mathematician, Scientist, and Writer

Mary Somerville, Mathematician, Scientist, and Writer Mary Somerville (December 26, 1780–November 29, 1872) was a mathematician, scientist, astronomer, geographer, and a gifted science writer, who in the era of burgeoning social and scientific change was able to convey both the substance of science and the scientific sublime. Fast Facts: Mary Somerville Known For: Scientific work in mathematics, astronomy and geography, and gifted science writingBorn: December 26, 1780 in Jedburgh, ScotlandParents: William George Fairfax and Margaret Charters FairfaxDied: November 29, 1872 in Naples, ItalyEducation: One year of formal education, but Somerville was primarily home-schooled and self-taughtPublished Works: Physical Geography (1848), Personal Recollections of Mary Somerville (1873, after her death)Spouse(s): Samuel Greig (m. 1804–1807); William Somerville (m. 1812–1860)Awards: Honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society (1833), gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society (1869), elected to the American Philosophical Society (1869)Children: Two sons with Grieg (one survived to adulthood, barrister Woronzow Grieg, d. 1865), three daughters (Margaret (1813–1823), Martha (1815), Mary Charlotte (1817)  and a son who died in infancy in 1815) with Somerville Early Life Mary Somerville was born Mary Fairfax in Jedburgh, Scotland, on December 26, 1780, the fifth of seven children of Vice-Admiral Sir William George Fairfax and Margaret Charters Fairfax. Only two of her brothers survived to adulthood and her father was away at sea, so Mary spent her first years in the small town of Burntisland being home-schooled by her mother. When her father returned from the sea, he discovered 8- or 9-year-old Mary could neither read nor do simple sums. He sent her to an elite boarding school, Miss Primroses School in Musselburgh. Miss Primrose was not a good experience for Mary and she was sent home in just a year. She began to educate herself, taking music and painting lessons, instructions in handwriting and arithmetic. She learned to read French, Latin, and Greek largely on her own. At age 15, Mary noticed some algebraic formulas used as decoration in a fashion magazine, and on her own she began to study algebra to make sense of them. She surreptitiously obtained a copy of Euclids Elements of Geometry over her parents opposition. Marriage and Family Life In 1804 Mary Fairfax married- under pressure from family- her cousin, Captain Samuel Greig, a Russian navy officer who lived in London. They had two sons, only one of whom survived to adulthood, future barrister Woronzow Grieg. Samuel also opposed Marys studying mathematics and science, but after his death in 1807- followed by the death of their son- she found herself with the opportunity and financial resources to pursue her mathematical interests. She returned to Scotland with Woronzow and began to study astronomy and mathematics seriously.  Ã‚  On the advice of William Wallace, a mathematics teacher at a military college, she acquired a library of books on mathematics.  She began solving math problems posed by a mathematics journal, and in 1811 won a medal for a solution she submitted. She married Dr. William Somerville in 1812, another cousin. Somerville was the head of the army medical department in London and he warmly supported her study, writing, and contact with scientists. Scientific Endeavors Four years after marrying, Mary Somerville and her family moved to London. Their social circle included the leading scientific and literary lights of the day, including Ada Bryon and her mother Maria Edgeworth, George Airy, John and William Herschel, George Peacock, and Charles Babbage. Mary and William had three daughters (Margaret, 1813–1823; Martha, born 1815, and Mary Charlotte, born 1817), and a son who died in infancy. They also traveled extensively in Europe. In 1826, Somerville began publishing papers on scientific subjects based on her own research. After 1831, she began writing about the ideas and work of other scientists as well. One book, The Connection of the Physical Sciences, contained discussion of a hypothetical planet that might be affecting the orbit of Uranus. That prompted John Couch Adams to search for the planet Neptune, for which is he is credited as a co-discoverer. Mary Somervilles translation and expansion of Pierre Laplaces Celestial Mechanics in 1831 won her acclaim and success: that same year, British prime minister Robert Peel awarded her a civil pension of 200 pounds annually. In 1833, Somerville and Caroline Herschel were named honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society, the first time women had earned that recognition. Prime Minister Melbourne increased her salary to 300 pounds in 1837. William Somervilles health deteriorated and in 1838 the couple moved to Naples, Italy. She stayed there most of the remainder of her life, working and publishing. In 1848, Mary Somerville published  Physical Geography, a book used for 50 years in schools and universities; although at the same time, it attracted a sermon against it in York Cathedral. William Somerville died in 1860. In 1869, Mary Somerville published yet another major work, was awarded a gold medal from the Royal Geographical Society, and was elected to the American Philosophical Society. Death By 1871, Mary Somerville had outlived her husbands, a daughter, and all of her sons: she wrote, Few of my early friends now remain- I am nearly left alone.  Mary Somerville died in Naples on November 29, 1872, just before turning 92. She had been working on another mathematical article at the time and regularly read about higher algebra and solved problems each day. Her daughter published Personal Recollections of Mary Somerville the next year, parts of a work which Mary Somerville had completed most of before her death. Publications 1831 (first book): The Mechanism of the Heavens- translating and explaining Pierre Laplaces celestial mechanics.1834: On the Connection of the Physical Sciences- this book continued in new editions through 1877.1848: Physical Geography- the first book in England on Earths physical surface, widely used as a textbook at schools and universities for 50 years.1869: On Molecular and Microscopic Science- about physics and chemistry. Major Awards and Honors One of the first two women admitted to the Royal Astronomical Society (the other was Caroline Herschel).Somerville College, Oxford University, is named for her.Dubbed Queen of Nineteenth-Century Science by a newspaper on her death.Organizational Affiliations: Somerville College, Oxford University, Royal Astronomical Society, Royal Geographical Society, American Philosophical Society. Sources Neeley, Kathryn and Mary Somerville. Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination and the Female Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.Somerville, Martha. Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age of Mary Somerville, with Selections from her Correspondence. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1874.OConnor, J. J. and E. F. Robertson. Mary Fairfax Greig Somerville. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1999.Patterson, Elizabeth Chambers. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science, 1815–1840. Springer, Dordrecht, 1983.